Cafe au lait maculehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Café_au_lait_spot
Ko te Cafe au lait macule he papa, he tohu whānau kua pahekeheke.

Ka puta ngā wāhi café au lait ki ngā tangata hauora, engari ka hono pea ki ngā māte pērā i te neurofibromatosis 1. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhi ka whai hiranga haumanu mō te neurofibromatosis. E ono neke atu rānei ngā wāhi 5 mm neke atu rānei te whānui i roto i ngā tamariki i mua i te wā e pakeke ana, me te 15 mm neke atu rānei i te hunga kua pakeke — tētahi o ngā paearu tātari matua mō te neurofibromatosis.

Ko ngā wāhi café au lait, i te nuinga o te wā i te wā e whānau ana, ka mau tonu, ka tipu te rahi, ka piki ake rānei te maha i roto i te wā. Ahakoa i muri i te pokanga laser, kāore i te tino tango ngā wāhi, ka hoki anō i muri i te maimoatanga.

Maimoatanga
He tiketike te auau o te hokinga mai, ā, ka hiahiatia te maimoatanga laser mō te wā roa.
#QS1064 / QS532 laser
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  • Ko ngā taitapa tae riterite me ngā wāhi māmā ka kitea i te wā o te tamarikitanga. I te nuinga o te wā, he māmā ake ngā taitapa i ēra o tēnei pikitia.
  • Ka kitea te cafe au lait macule i te Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).
References Laser treatment for Cafe-au-lait Macules: a systematic review and meta-analysis 37291616 
NIH
I whakaatu te maimoatanga taiaho i te 50 % o te reiti whakamōhio mō te 75 % o ngā turoro CALM, me te 43 % kua eke ki te 75 %. I roto i ngā momo laser rerekē, ko te QS‑1064‑nm Nd:YAG te hua tino whai hua. I te katoa, he iti ngā pānga taha o ngā momo laser katoa, pērā i te hypopigmentation me te hyperpigmentation, e tohu ana i te haumaru pai.
To draw a conclusion, the laser treatment could reach an overall clearance rate of 50% for 75% of the patients with CALMs, for 43.3% of the patients, the clearance rate could reach 75%. When looking at different wavelength subgroups, QS-1064-nm Nd:YAG laser exhibited the best treatment capability. Laser of all the wavelength subgroups presented acceptable safety regarding of the low occurrence of side effects, namely, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation.
 Cutaneous manifestations in neurofibromatosis type 1 32901776
Café-au-lait macules were shown in 1063 patients (96.5%), axillary and inguinal freckling in 991 (90%) and neurofibromas in 861 (78.1%). Other skin manifestations included: lipoma (6.2%), nevus anemicus (3.9%), psoriasis (3.4%), spilus nevus (3.2%), juvenile xanthogranuloma (3.2%), vitiligo (2.3%), Becker's nevus (1.9%), melanoma (0.7%) and poliosis (0.5%).
 Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnosis and Management 29431372
Pigmentation disorders are commonly diagnosed, evaluated, and treated in primary care practices. Typical hyperpigmentation disorders include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides (freckles), and café au lait macules.